diff --git a/api/export.php b/api/export.php
index 8fb280f..edb39f7 100644
--- a/api/export.php
+++ b/api/export.php
@@ -54,10 +54,16 @@ if (!$questionnaire) {
 }
 
 // Questions ordered
-$qStmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT questionID, defaultText, type, orderIndex FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :id ORDER BY orderIndex");
+$qStmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT questionID, defaultText, type, orderIndex, configJson FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :id ORDER BY orderIndex");
 $qStmt->execute([':id' => $qnID]);
 $questions = $qStmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
 $questionIDs = array_column($questions, 'questionID');
+$questionColumnLabels = [];
+foreach ($questions as &$q) {
+    $cfg = json_decode($q['configJson'] ?? '{}', true) ?: [];
+    $questionColumnLabels[$q['questionID']] = qdb_question_column_label($cfg, $q['defaultText'], $q['questionID'], $qnID);
+}
+unset($q);
 
 // Build answer-option lookup for resolving display text
 $optionTextMap = [];
@@ -118,7 +124,7 @@ foreach ($clients as $c) {
     foreach ($questions as $q) {
         $qid = $q['questionID'];
         $a = $answerMap[$qid] ?? null;
-        $row[$q['defaultText']] = qdb_format_client_answer_display($q, $a, $optionTextMap);
+        $row[$questionColumnLabels[$qid]] = qdb_format_client_answer_display($q, $a, $optionTextMap);
     }
     $rows[] = $row;
 }
@@ -143,7 +149,9 @@ if (!empty($rows)) {
     }
 } else {
     $header = ['clientCode', 'coach', 'supervisor', 'status', 'sumPoints', 'startedAt', 'completedAt'];
-    foreach ($questions as $q) $header[] = $q['defaultText'];
+    foreach ($questions as $q) {
+        $header[] = $questionColumnLabels[$q['questionID']] ?? $q['defaultText'];
+    }
     fputcsv($out, $header);
 }
 fclose($out);
diff --git a/common.php b/common.php
index 50870d1..675a754 100644
--- a/common.php
+++ b/common.php
@@ -893,6 +893,12 @@ function qdb_question_local_id(string $questionID, ?string $questionnaireID = nu
     return $pos !== false ? substr($questionID, $pos + 2) : $questionID;
 }
 
+/** Column / export header: stable question key, else local id (q1, q2, …). */
+function qdb_question_column_label(array $config, string $defaultText, string $questionID, ?string $questionnaireID = null): string {
+    $key = qdb_question_key($config, $defaultText);
+    return $key !== '' ? $key : qdb_question_local_id($questionID, $questionnaireID);
+}
+
 function qdb_make_question_id(string $questionnaireID, string $localId): string {
     return $questionnaireID . '__' . $localId;
 }
diff --git a/handlers/export.php b/handlers/export.php
index 1546946..2a8ade5 100644
--- a/handlers/export.php
+++ b/handlers/export.php
@@ -34,10 +34,17 @@ if (!$questionnaire) {
     json_error('NOT_FOUND', 'Questionnaire not found', 404);
 }
 
-$qStmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT questionID, defaultText, type, orderIndex FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :id ORDER BY orderIndex");
+$qStmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT questionID, defaultText, type, orderIndex, configJson FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :id ORDER BY orderIndex");
 $qStmt->execute([':id' => $qnID]);
 $questions = $qStmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
 $questionIDs = array_column($questions, 'questionID');
+$questionColumnLabels = [];
+foreach ($questions as &$q) {
+    $cfg = json_decode($q['configJson'] ?? '{}', true) ?: [];
+    $label = qdb_question_column_label($cfg, $q['defaultText'], $q['questionID'], $qnID);
+    $questionColumnLabels[$q['questionID']] = $label;
+}
+unset($q);
 
 $optionTextMap = [];
 foreach ($questionIDs as $qid) {
@@ -119,7 +126,9 @@ if (!empty($rows)) {
     }
 } else {
     $header = ['clientCode', 'coachID', 'status', 'sumPoints', 'startedAt', 'completedAt'];
-    foreach ($questions as $q) $header[] = $q['defaultText'];
+    foreach ($questions as $q) {
+        $header[] = $questionColumnLabels[$q['questionID']] ?? $q['defaultText'];
+    }
     fputcsv($out, $header);
 }
 fclose($out);
diff --git a/handlers/results.php b/handlers/results.php
index b05d4f6..c50943f 100644
--- a/handlers/results.php
+++ b/handlers/results.php
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ $questionIDs = array_column($questions, 'questionID');
 foreach ($questions as &$q) {
     $q['isRequired'] = (int)$q['isRequired'];
     $q['orderIndex'] = (int)$q['orderIndex'];
+    $cfg = json_decode($q['configJson'] ?? '{}', true) ?: [];
+    $q['questionKey'] = qdb_question_column_label($cfg, $q['defaultText'], $q['questionID'], $qnID);
     $ao = $pdo->prepare("SELECT answerOptionID, defaultText, points, orderIndex
                          FROM answer_option WHERE questionID = :qid ORDER BY orderIndex");
     $ao->execute([':qid' => $q['questionID']]);
diff --git a/website/js/pages/results.js b/website/js/pages/results.js
index b09e45d..f537be8 100644
--- a/website/js/pages/results.js
+++ b/website/js/pages/results.js
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ import { apiGet } from '../api.js';
 import { showToast } from '../app.js';
 import {
     isDevTestClientCode,
-    questionLocalKey,
+    questionDisplayKey,
+    questionGermanLabel,
     testDataRowClassForClient,
 } from '../test-data.js';
 
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ function renderResults() {
                 <span style="margin-left:auto;font-size:.85rem;color:var(--text-secondary)" id="resultCount"></span>
                 <a id="exportCsvLink" class="btn btn-sm" href="#">Export CSV</a>
             </div>
-            <p class="data-toolbar-hint" style="margin-top:8px">Question columns show keys; hover headers for full text. Test rows (DEV-CL-*) have a yellow background.</p>
+            <p class="data-toolbar-hint" style="margin-top:8px">Question columns show stable keys (e.g. country_of_origin); hover for German text. Test rows (DEV-CL-*) have a yellow background.</p>
         </div>
         <div class="card">
             <div class="table-wrapper" id="resultsTableWrap">
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ function renderResults() {
 
     const qKeyList = document.getElementById('questionKeyList');
     qKeyList.innerHTML = questionsDef
-        .map(q => `<option value="${esc(questionLocalKey(q.questionID, q.defaultText))}"></option>`)
+        .map(q => `<option value="${esc(questionDisplayKey(q))}"></option>`)
         .join('');
 
     document.getElementById('filterSupervisor').addEventListener('change', (e) => {
@@ -202,11 +203,12 @@ function renderTableHead() {
         { key: 'completedAt', label: 'Completed' },
     ];
     const questionCols = questionsDef.map(q => {
-        const qKey = questionLocalKey(q.questionID, q.defaultText);
+        const qKey = questionDisplayKey(q);
+        const german = questionGermanLabel(q);
         return {
             key: `q_${q.questionID}`,
             label: qKey,
-            title: q.defaultText || qKey,
+            title: german || qKey,
             questionID: q.questionID,
             questionKey: qKey,
         };
@@ -446,7 +448,7 @@ function exportCSV() {
     });
 
     const headers = ['clientCode', 'coach', 'supervisor', 'status', 'sumPoints', 'completedAt',
-        ...questionsDef.map(q => questionLocalKey(q.questionID, q.defaultText))];
+        ...questionsDef.map(q => questionDisplayKey(q))];
 
     const rows = clients.map(c => {
         const base = [
diff --git a/website/js/test-data.js b/website/js/test-data.js
index 20bd554..9e170db 100644
--- a/website/js/test-data.js
+++ b/website/js/test-data.js
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ export function testDataRowClassForUser(username) {
     return isDevTestUsername(username) ? ' row-test-data' : '';
 }
 
-/** Local question key from full questionID (hash__q5 → q5). */
+const STABLE_KEY_RE = /^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/;
+
+/** Local question id from full questionID (hash__q5 → q5). */
 export function questionLocalKey(questionID, fallback = '') {
     const id = String(questionID ?? '');
     const sep = id.lastIndexOf('__');
@@ -24,6 +26,39 @@ export function questionLocalKey(questionID, fallback = '') {
     return fallback || id;
 }
 
+function parseQuestionConfig(q) {
+    if (!q || typeof q !== 'object') return {};
+    let cfg = q.configJson;
+    if (typeof cfg === 'string') {
+        try {
+            cfg = JSON.parse(cfg);
+        } catch {
+            cfg = {};
+        }
+    }
+    return cfg && typeof cfg === 'object' ? cfg : {};
+}
+
+/** Stable question key for table headers / CSV (matches server qdb_question_column_label). */
+export function questionDisplayKey(q) {
+    if (!q) return '';
+    if (q.questionKey) return String(q.questionKey);
+    const cfg = parseQuestionConfig(q);
+    const fromCfg = String(cfg.questionKey || '').trim();
+    if (fromCfg && STABLE_KEY_RE.test(fromCfg)) return fromCfg;
+    const dt = String(q.defaultText || '').trim();
+    if (dt && STABLE_KEY_RE.test(dt)) return dt;
+    return questionLocalKey(q.questionID, dt);
+}
+
+/** German question text for header tooltips. */
+export function questionGermanLabel(q) {
+    const dt = String(q?.defaultText || '').trim();
+    const key = questionDisplayKey(q);
+    if (dt && dt !== key) return dt;
+    return '';
+}
+
 /** header_order.json column id → question key (questionnaire_x-y → y). */
 export function headerColumnQuestionKey(headerId) {
     const id = String(headerId ?? '');