diff --git a/common.php b/common.php
index 15e0f8a..96e4487 100644
--- a/common.php
+++ b/common.php
@@ -1744,6 +1744,7 @@ function qdb_translation_row_label(array $e): string {
 /** Export one questionnaire with structure + all translations (portable JSON). */
 function qdb_export_questionnaire_bundle(PDO $pdo, string $qnID): ?array {
     require_once __DIR__ . '/lib/scoring.php';
+    require_once __DIR__ . '/lib/questionnaire_structure.php';
     $qn = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM questionnaire WHERE questionnaireID = :id');
     $qn->execute([':id' => $qnID]);
     $qnRow = $qn->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
@@ -1751,10 +1752,11 @@ function qdb_export_questionnaire_bundle(PDO $pdo, string $qnID): ?array {
         return null;
     }
 
-    $qStmt = $pdo->prepare("
-        SELECT questionID, defaultText, type, orderIndex, isRequired, configJson
-        FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :id ORDER BY orderIndex
-    ");
+    $qStmt = $pdo->prepare(
+        'SELECT questionID, defaultText, type, orderIndex, isRequired, configJson
+         FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :id AND ' . qdb_active_questions_clause('question') . '
+         ORDER BY orderIndex'
+    );
     $qStmt->execute([':id' => $qnID]);
     $questionsOut = [];
 
@@ -1763,10 +1765,11 @@ function qdb_export_questionnaire_bundle(PDO $pdo, string $qnID): ?array {
         $config = json_decode($dbQ['configJson'] ?: '{}', true) ?: [];
 
         $optionsOut = [];
-        $aoStmt = $pdo->prepare("
-            SELECT answerOptionID, defaultText, points, orderIndex, nextQuestionId
-            FROM answer_option WHERE questionID = :qid ORDER BY orderIndex
-        ");
+        $aoStmt = $pdo->prepare(
+            'SELECT answerOptionID, defaultText, points, orderIndex, nextQuestionId
+             FROM answer_option WHERE questionID = :qid AND ' . qdb_active_options_clause('answer_option') . '
+             ORDER BY orderIndex'
+        );
         $aoStmt->execute([':qid' => $dbQ['questionID']]);
         $qKey = qdb_question_key($config, $dbQ['defaultText']);
         foreach ($aoStmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) as $ao) {
@@ -1814,13 +1817,14 @@ function qdb_export_questionnaire_bundle(PDO $pdo, string $qnID): ?array {
 
     return [
         'questionnaire' => [
-            'questionnaireID' => $qnRow['questionnaireID'],
-            'name'            => $qnRow['name'],
-            'version'         => $qnRow['version'],
-            'state'           => $qnRow['state'],
-            'orderIndex'      => (int)$qnRow['orderIndex'],
-            'showPoints'      => (int)$qnRow['showPoints'],
-            'conditionJson'   => $qnRow['conditionJson'] ?: '{}',
+            'questionnaireID'   => $qnRow['questionnaireID'],
+            'name'              => $qnRow['name'],
+            'version'           => $qnRow['version'],
+            'state'             => $qnRow['state'],
+            'orderIndex'        => (int)$qnRow['orderIndex'],
+            'showPoints'        => (int)$qnRow['showPoints'],
+            'conditionJson'     => $qnRow['conditionJson'] ?: '{}',
+            'structureRevision' => qdb_questionnaire_structure_revision($pdo, $qnID),
         ],
         'questions'           => $questionsOut,
         'stringTranslations'  => $stringTranslations,
@@ -1855,7 +1859,7 @@ function qdb_export_scoring_profiles_bundle(PDO $pdo): array {
     return qdb_list_scoring_profiles($pdo);
 }
 
-/** Remove questionnaire and related rows (no client_answer cleanup for other qns). */
+/** Remove questionnaire and related rows (full replace import; not per-question retire). */
 function qdb_delete_questionnaire_cascade(PDO $pdo, string $qnID): void {
     $qIds = $pdo->prepare('SELECT questionID FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :id');
     $qIds->execute([':id' => $qnID]);
@@ -1870,8 +1874,20 @@ function qdb_delete_questionnaire_cascade(PDO $pdo, string $qnID): void {
         }
         $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM answer_option WHERE questionID = :qid')->execute([':qid' => $qid]);
         $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM question_translation WHERE questionID = :qid')->execute([':qid' => $qid]);
+        if (qdb_table_exists($pdo, 'client_answer_submission')) {
+            $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM client_answer_submission WHERE questionID = :qid')
+                ->execute([':qid' => $qid]);
+        }
         $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM client_answer WHERE questionID = :qid')->execute([':qid' => $qid]);
     }
+    if (qdb_table_exists($pdo, 'questionnaire_structure_snapshot')) {
+        $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM questionnaire_structure_snapshot WHERE questionnaireID = :id')
+            ->execute([':id' => $qnID]);
+    }
+    if (qdb_table_exists($pdo, 'questionnaire_submission')) {
+        $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM questionnaire_submission WHERE questionnaireID = :id')
+            ->execute([':id' => $qnID]);
+    }
     $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :id')->execute([':id' => $qnID]);
     $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM completed_questionnaire WHERE questionnaireID = :id')->execute([':id' => $qnID]);
     $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM questionnaire WHERE questionnaireID = :id')->execute([':id' => $qnID]);
diff --git a/db_init.php b/db_init.php
index 7ac22dd..9b0d95e 100644
--- a/db_init.php
+++ b/db_init.php
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ if (defined('QDB_TEST_UPLOADS')) {
     define('QDB_LOCK', QDB_UPLOADS_DIR . '/.qdb_lock');
 }
 define('QDB_SCHEMA', __DIR__ . '/schema.sql');
-define('QDB_VERSION', 11);
+define('QDB_VERSION', 12);
 
 function qdb_table_exists(PDO $pdo, string $table): bool {
     $stmt = $pdo->prepare(
@@ -55,6 +55,68 @@ function qdb_apply_migrations(PDO $pdo, string $schemaSql): bool {
         }
     }
 
+    if (qdb_table_exists($pdo, 'questionnaire')) {
+        if (!qdb_column_exists($pdo, 'questionnaire', 'structureRevision')) {
+            $pdo->exec('ALTER TABLE questionnaire ADD COLUMN structureRevision INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1');
+            $changed = true;
+        }
+        if (!qdb_column_exists($pdo, 'questionnaire', 'structureChangedAt')) {
+            $pdo->exec('ALTER TABLE questionnaire ADD COLUMN structureChangedAt INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0');
+            $changed = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!qdb_table_exists($pdo, 'questionnaire_structure_snapshot')) {
+        $pdo->exec("
+            CREATE TABLE questionnaire_structure_snapshot (
+                questionnaireID   TEXT    NOT NULL,
+                structureRevision INTEGER NOT NULL,
+                createdAt         INTEGER NOT NULL,
+                manifestJson      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+                PRIMARY KEY (questionnaireID, structureRevision),
+                FOREIGN KEY(questionnaireID) REFERENCES questionnaire(questionnaireID) ON DELETE CASCADE
+            )
+        ");
+        $changed = true;
+    }
+
+    if (qdb_table_exists($pdo, 'question')) {
+        if (!qdb_column_exists($pdo, 'question', 'retiredAt')) {
+            $pdo->exec('ALTER TABLE question ADD COLUMN retiredAt INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0');
+            $changed = true;
+        }
+        if (!qdb_column_exists($pdo, 'question', 'retiredInRevision')) {
+            $pdo->exec('ALTER TABLE question ADD COLUMN retiredInRevision INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0');
+            $changed = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (qdb_table_exists($pdo, 'answer_option')) {
+        if (!qdb_column_exists($pdo, 'answer_option', 'retiredAt')) {
+            $pdo->exec('ALTER TABLE answer_option ADD COLUMN retiredAt INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0');
+            $changed = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (qdb_table_exists($pdo, 'questionnaire_submission')) {
+        if (!qdb_column_exists($pdo, 'questionnaire_submission', 'structureRevision')) {
+            $pdo->exec('ALTER TABLE questionnaire_submission ADD COLUMN structureRevision INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1');
+            $changed = true;
+        }
+        if (!qdb_column_exists($pdo, 'questionnaire_submission', 'structureSnapshotJson')) {
+            $pdo->exec("ALTER TABLE questionnaire_submission ADD COLUMN structureSnapshotJson TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}'");
+            $changed = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (qdb_table_exists($pdo, 'questionnaire_structure_snapshot')
+        && qdb_table_exists($pdo, 'questionnaire')) {
+        require_once __DIR__ . '/lib/questionnaire_structure.php';
+        if (qdb_backfill_structure_snapshots($pdo)) {
+            $changed = true;
+        }
+    }
+
     if (!qdb_table_exists($pdo, 'questionnaire_submission')) {
         $pdo->exec("
             CREATE TABLE questionnaire_submission (
diff --git a/handlers/answer_options.php b/handlers/answer_options.php
index fe8e162..0065a9c 100644
--- a/handlers/answer_options.php
+++ b/handlers/answer_options.php
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
+require_once __DIR__ . '/../lib/questionnaire_structure.php';
+
 $tokenRec = require_valid_token_web();
 $method   = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];
 
@@ -50,12 +52,14 @@ case 'POST':
 
     [$pdo, $tmpDb, $lockFp] = qdb_open_write_or_fail();
     try {
-        $chk = $pdo->prepare('SELECT 1 FROM question WHERE questionID = :id');
+        $chk = $pdo->prepare('SELECT questionnaireID FROM question WHERE questionID = :id');
         $chk->execute([':id' => $qID]);
-        if (!$chk->fetch()) {
+        $qnID = $chk->fetchColumn();
+        if (!$qnID) {
             qdb_discard($tmpDb, $lockFp);
             json_error('NOT_FOUND', 'Question not found', 404);
         }
+        $qnID = (string)$qnID;
         if ($order === 0) {
             $max = $pdo->prepare('SELECT COALESCE(MAX(orderIndex),0)+1 FROM answer_option WHERE questionID = :id');
             $max->execute([':id' => $qID]);
@@ -65,8 +69,11 @@ case 'POST':
         $pdo->prepare('INSERT INTO answer_option (answerOptionID, questionID, defaultText, points, orderIndex, nextQuestionId) VALUES (:id, :qid, :t, :p, :o, :nq)')
             ->execute([':id' => $id, ':qid' => $qID, ':t' => $optKey, ':p' => $points, ':o' => $order, ':nq' => $nextQ]);
         qdb_upsert_source_translation($pdo, 'answer_option', $id, $text);
+        $newRev = qdb_bump_structure_revision($pdo, $qnID, 'option_added');
         qdb_save($tmpDb, $lockFp);
-        json_success(['answerOption' => [
+        json_success([
+            'structureRevision' => $newRev,
+            'answerOption' => [
             'answerOptionID' => $id,
             'questionID'     => $qID,
             'optionKey'      => $optKey,
@@ -115,11 +122,19 @@ case 'PUT':
         $order  = (int)($body['orderIndex'] ?? $row['orderIndex']);
         $nextQ  = trim($body['nextQuestionId'] ?? $row['nextQuestionId']);
 
+        $keyChanged = $optKey !== qdb_option_key($row);
         $pdo->prepare('UPDATE answer_option SET defaultText = :t, points = :p, orderIndex = :o, nextQuestionId = :nq WHERE answerOptionID = :id')
             ->execute([':t' => $optKey, ':p' => $points, ':o' => $order, ':nq' => $nextQ, ':id' => $id]);
         qdb_upsert_source_translation($pdo, 'answer_option', $id, $labelGerman);
+        $qnID = qdb_questionnaire_id_for_question($pdo, (string)$row['questionID']);
+        $newRev = null;
+        if ($keyChanged && $qnID !== null) {
+            $newRev = qdb_bump_structure_revision($pdo, $qnID, 'option_key_changed');
+        }
         qdb_save($tmpDb, $lockFp);
-        json_success(['answerOption' => [
+        json_success([
+            'structureRevision' => $newRev ?? ($qnID !== null ? qdb_questionnaire_structure_revision($pdo, $qnID) : 1),
+            'answerOption' => [
             'answerOptionID' => $id,
             'questionID'     => $row['questionID'],
             'optionKey'      => $optKey,
@@ -144,15 +159,35 @@ case 'DELETE':
 
     [$pdo, $tmpDb, $lockFp] = qdb_open_write_or_fail();
     try {
-        $pdo->exec('PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF;');
+        $existing = $pdo->prepare('SELECT questionID FROM answer_option WHERE answerOptionID = :id');
+        $existing->execute([':id' => $id]);
+        $qid = $existing->fetchColumn();
+        if (!$qid) {
+            qdb_discard($tmpDb, $lockFp);
+            json_error('NOT_FOUND', 'Answer option not found', 404);
+        }
+        $qnID = qdb_questionnaire_id_for_question($pdo, (string)$qid);
+        if ($qnID === null) {
+            qdb_discard($tmpDb, $lockFp);
+            json_error('NOT_FOUND', 'Question not found', 404);
+        }
         $pdo->beginTransaction();
+        $newRev = qdb_bump_structure_revision($pdo, $qnID, 'option_removed');
+        if (qdb_option_has_client_data($pdo, $id)) {
+            $pdo->prepare('UPDATE answer_option SET retiredAt = :ts WHERE answerOptionID = :id')
+                ->execute([':ts' => time(), ':id' => $id]);
+            $pdo->commit();
+            qdb_save($tmpDb, $lockFp);
+            json_success(['deleted' => false, 'retired' => true, 'structureRevision' => $newRev]);
+            break;
+        }
+        $pdo->exec('PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF;');
         $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM answer_option_translation WHERE answerOptionID = :id')->execute([':id' => $id]);
-        $pdo->prepare('UPDATE client_answer SET answerOptionID = NULL WHERE answerOptionID = :id')->execute([':id' => $id]);
         $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM answer_option WHERE answerOptionID = :id')->execute([':id' => $id]);
-        $pdo->commit();
         $pdo->exec('PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;');
+        $pdo->commit();
         qdb_save($tmpDb, $lockFp);
-        json_success(['deleted' => true]);
+        json_success(['deleted' => true, 'retired' => false, 'structureRevision' => $newRev]);
     } catch (Throwable $e) {
         qdb_handler_fail($e, 'Delete answer option', $pdo ?? null, $tmpDb ?? null, $lockFp ?? null);
     }
diff --git a/handlers/app_questionnaires.php b/handlers/app_questionnaires.php
index a1b9e5b..afa655f 100644
--- a/handlers/app_questionnaires.php
+++ b/handlers/app_questionnaires.php
@@ -99,13 +99,24 @@ if ($method === 'POST') {
         $opened = qdb_open_write_or_fail();
         [$pdo, $tmpDb, $lockFp] = $opened;
 
-        // Verify questionnaire exists
-        $qnStmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT questionnaireID FROM questionnaire WHERE questionnaireID = :id");
+        require_once __DIR__ . '/../lib/questionnaire_structure.php';
+
+        $qnStmt = $pdo->prepare(
+            'SELECT questionnaireID, COALESCE(structureRevision, 1) AS structureRevision
+             FROM questionnaire WHERE questionnaireID = :id'
+        );
         $qnStmt->execute([':id' => $qnID]);
-        if (!$qnStmt->fetch()) {
+        $qnRow = $qnStmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        if (!$qnRow) {
             qdb_discard($tmpDb, $lockFp);
             json_error('NOT_FOUND', 'Questionnaire not found', 404);
         }
+        $currentRev = max(1, (int)$qnRow['structureRevision']);
+        $submitRev  = max(1, (int)($body['structureRevision'] ?? 1));
+        if ($submitRev > $currentRev) {
+            qdb_discard($tmpDb, $lockFp);
+            json_error('STRUCTURE_REVISION_NEWER', 'App structure revision is newer than server', 400);
+        }
 
         [$rbacClause, $rbacParams] = rbac_client_filter($tokenRec, 'cl');
         $clStmt = $pdo->prepare(
@@ -122,42 +133,24 @@ if ($method === 'POST') {
             ? ($tokenRec['entityID'] ?? '')
             : ($clientRow['coachID'] ?? '');
 
-        // Load all questions for this questionnaire: full questionID keyed by short ID
-        $qRows = $pdo->prepare(
-            "SELECT questionID, type, configJson FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :qn"
-        );
-        $qRows->execute([':qn' => $qnID]);
-        $shortIdMap = [];       // shortId -> fullQuestionID
-        $shortIdToType = [];    // shortId -> layout type
-        $freeTextMaxLen = [];    // fullQuestionID -> maxLength
-        $symptomParentMap = qdb_glass_symptom_parent_map($pdo, $qnID);
-        foreach ($qRows->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) as $qRow) {
-            $fullId = $qRow['questionID'];
-            $parts = explode('__', $fullId);
-            $short = end($parts);
-            $shortIdMap[$short] = $fullId;
-            $shortIdToType[$short] = $qRow['type'] ?? '';
-            if (($qRow['type'] ?? '') === 'free_text') {
-                $cfg = json_decode($qRow['configJson'] ?? '{}', true) ?: [];
-                $freeTextMaxLen[$fullId] = max(1, min((int)($cfg['maxLength'] ?? 500), 10000));
+        $isLegacySubmit = $submitRev < $currentRev;
+        if ($isLegacySubmit) {
+            $submitManifest = qdb_load_structure_manifest($pdo, $qnID, $submitRev);
+            if ($submitManifest === null) {
+                qdb_discard($tmpDb, $lockFp);
+                json_error('STRUCTURE_REVISION_UNKNOWN', 'Unknown structure revision', 400);
             }
+        } else {
+            $submitManifest = qdb_build_structure_manifest($pdo, $qnID, false);
+            $submitManifest['structureRevision'] = $currentRev;
         }
 
-        // Load all answer options for this questionnaire: keyed by [questionID][defaultText]
-        $aoRows = $pdo->prepare("
-            SELECT ao.answerOptionID, ao.questionID, ao.defaultText, ao.points
-            FROM answer_option ao
-            JOIN question q ON q.questionID = ao.questionID
-            WHERE q.questionnaireID = :qn
-        ");
-        $aoRows->execute([':qn' => $qnID]);
-        $optionMap = [];   // fullQuestionID -> [defaultText -> {answerOptionID, points}]
-        foreach ($aoRows->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) as $ao) {
-            $optionMap[$ao['questionID']][$ao['defaultText']] = [
-                'answerOptionID' => $ao['answerOptionID'],
-                'points'         => (int)$ao['points'],
-            ];
-        }
+        $maps = qdb_submit_maps_from_manifest($pdo, $qnID, $submitManifest);
+        $shortIdMap = $maps['shortIdMap'];
+        $shortIdToType = $maps['shortIdToType'];
+        $optionMap = $maps['optionMap'];
+        $symptomParentMap = $maps['symptomParentMap'];
+        $freeTextMaxLen = $maps['freeTextMaxLen'];
 
         require_once __DIR__ . '/../lib/app_submit_validate.php';
         $validationErrors = qdb_validate_app_submit_payload(
@@ -167,7 +160,8 @@ if ($method === 'POST') {
             $shortIdMap,
             $shortIdToType,
             $symptomParentMap,
-            $optionMap
+            $optionMap,
+            $submitManifest
         );
         if ($validationErrors !== []) {
             qdb_discard($tmpDb, $lockFp);
@@ -281,20 +275,25 @@ if ($method === 'POST') {
             $submittedQuestionIds[$parentQID] = true;
         }
 
-        // Re-edit uploads omit answers pruned on the device (e.g. branching changes).
-        // Drop live rows for questions not present in this payload.
-        $staleQuestionIds = array_diff(array_values($shortIdMap), array_keys($submittedQuestionIds));
-        if ($staleQuestionIds !== []) {
-            $placeholders = implode(',', array_fill(0, count($staleQuestionIds), '?'));
-            $staleDelete = $pdo->prepare(
-                "DELETE FROM client_answer WHERE clientCode = ? AND questionID IN ($placeholders)"
+        if (!$isLegacySubmit) {
+            $activeMaps = qdb_submit_maps_from_active_questions($pdo, $qnID);
+            $staleQuestionIds = array_diff(
+                array_values($activeMaps['shortIdMap']),
+                array_keys($submittedQuestionIds)
             );
-            $staleDelete->execute(array_merge([$clientCode], array_values($staleQuestionIds)));
+            if ($staleQuestionIds !== []) {
+                $placeholders = implode(',', array_fill(0, count($staleQuestionIds), '?'));
+                $staleDelete = $pdo->prepare(
+                    "DELETE FROM client_answer WHERE clientCode = ? AND questionID IN ($placeholders)"
+                );
+                $staleDelete->execute(array_merge([$clientCode], array_values($staleQuestionIds)));
+            }
         }
 
-        // Upsert completed_questionnaire record
         require_once __DIR__ . '/../lib/scoring.php';
-        $sumPoints = qdb_compute_questionnaire_score($pdo, $clientCode, $qnID);
+        $sumPoints = $isLegacySubmit
+            ? qdb_compute_questionnaire_score_from_manifest($pdo, $clientCode, $submitManifest)
+            : qdb_compute_questionnaire_score($pdo, $clientCode, $qnID);
 
         $pdo->prepare("
             INSERT INTO completed_questionnaire (clientCode, questionnaireID, assignedByCoach, status, startedAt, completedAt, sumPoints)
@@ -323,7 +322,10 @@ if ($method === 'POST') {
             $startedAt,
             $completedAt,
             $sumPoints,
-            $assignedByCoach
+            $assignedByCoach,
+            $submitRev,
+            $submitManifest,
+            array_keys($submittedQuestionIds)
         );
 
         qdb_recompute_profile_scores_for_client($pdo, $clientCode, $qnID);
@@ -331,7 +333,12 @@ if ($method === 'POST') {
         $pdo->commit();
         qdb_save($tmpDb, $lockFp);
 
-        json_success(['submitted' => true, 'sumPoints' => $sumPoints]);
+        json_success([
+            'submitted'         => true,
+            'sumPoints'         => $sumPoints,
+            'structureRevision' => $submitRev,
+            'legacySubmit'      => $isLegacySubmit,
+        ]);
     } catch (Throwable $e) {
         qdb_handler_fail($e, 'Submit questionnaire', $pdo ?? null, $tmpDb ?? null, $lockFp ?? null);
     }
@@ -473,6 +480,7 @@ if ($fetchClients) {
 }
 
 if ($qnID) {
+    require_once __DIR__ . '/../lib/questionnaire_structure.php';
     $qn = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM questionnaire WHERE questionnaireID = :id");
     $qn->execute([':id' => $qnID]);
     $qnRow = $qn->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
@@ -481,10 +489,12 @@ if ($qnID) {
         json_error('NOT_FOUND', 'Questionnaire not found', 404);
     }
 
-    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("
-        SELECT questionID, defaultText, type, orderIndex, configJson
-        FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :id ORDER BY orderIndex
-    ");
+    $structureRevision = qdb_questionnaire_structure_revision($pdo, $qnID);
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare(
+        'SELECT questionID, defaultText, type, orderIndex, configJson
+         FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :id AND ' . qdb_active_questions_clause('question') . '
+         ORDER BY orderIndex'
+    );
     $stmt->execute([':id' => $qnID]);
     $dbQuestions = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
 
@@ -547,10 +557,11 @@ if ($qnID) {
             }
         }
 
-        $ao = $pdo->prepare("
-            SELECT defaultText, points, nextQuestionId
-            FROM answer_option WHERE questionID = :qid ORDER BY orderIndex
-        ");
+        $ao = $pdo->prepare(
+            'SELECT defaultText, points, nextQuestionId
+             FROM answer_option WHERE questionID = :qid AND ' . qdb_active_options_clause('answer_option') . '
+             ORDER BY orderIndex'
+        );
         $ao->execute([':qid' => $dbQ['questionID']]);
         $opts = $ao->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
 
@@ -577,15 +588,19 @@ if ($qnID) {
 
     qdb_discard($tmpDb, $lockFp);
     json_success([
-        'meta'          => ['id' => $qnID],
-        'questions'     => $questions,
-        'translations'  => qdb_build_questionnaire_translations_map($pdo, $qnID),
+        'meta'              => ['id' => $qnID],
+        'structureRevision' => $structureRevision,
+        'questions'         => $questions,
+        'translations'      => qdb_build_questionnaire_translations_map($pdo, $qnID),
     ]);
 }
 
 // Default: ordered questionnaire list
+require_once __DIR__ . '/../lib/questionnaire_structure.php';
+
 $rows = $pdo->query("
-    SELECT questionnaireID, name, showPoints, conditionJson, categoryKey
+    SELECT questionnaireID, name, showPoints, conditionJson, categoryKey,
+           COALESCE(structureRevision, 1) AS structureRevision
     FROM questionnaire
     WHERE state = 'active'
     ORDER BY orderIndex
@@ -594,10 +609,11 @@ $rows = $pdo->query("
 $list = [];
 foreach ($rows as $r) {
     $item = [
-        'id'         => $r['questionnaireID'],
-        'name'       => $r['name'],
-        'showPoints' => (bool)(int)$r['showPoints'],
-        'condition'  => json_decode($r['conditionJson'], true) ?: new stdClass(),
+        'id'                => $r['questionnaireID'],
+        'name'              => $r['name'],
+        'showPoints'        => (bool)(int)$r['showPoints'],
+        'structureRevision' => max(1, (int)$r['structureRevision']),
+        'condition'         => json_decode($r['conditionJson'], true) ?: new stdClass(),
     ];
     $cat = trim($r['categoryKey'] ?? '');
     if ($cat !== '') {
diff --git a/handlers/questions.php b/handlers/questions.php
index 4f76a47..8bebf9d 100644
--- a/handlers/questions.php
+++ b/handlers/questions.php
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
 require_once __DIR__ . '/../lib/scoring.php';
+require_once __DIR__ . '/../lib/questionnaire_structure.php';
 
 $tokenRec = require_valid_token_web();
 
@@ -14,23 +15,34 @@ case 'GET':
     try {
         $opened = qdb_open_read_or_fail();
         [$pdo, $tmpDb, $lockFp] = $opened;
-        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("
-        SELECT questionID, questionnaireID, defaultText, type, orderIndex, isRequired, configJson
-        FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :qid ORDER BY orderIndex
-    ");
+        $includeRetired = !empty($_GET['includeRetired']);
+        $qWhere = 'questionnaireID = :qid';
+        if (!$includeRetired) {
+            $qWhere .= ' AND ' . qdb_active_questions_clause('question');
+        }
+        $stmt = $pdo->prepare(
+            "SELECT questionID, questionnaireID, defaultText, type, orderIndex, isRequired, configJson,
+                    retiredAt, retiredInRevision
+             FROM question WHERE $qWhere ORDER BY orderIndex"
+        );
     $stmt->execute([':qid' => $qnID]);
     $questions = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+    $structureRevision = qdb_questionnaire_structure_revision($pdo, $qnID);
     foreach ($questions as &$q) {
         $q['isRequired'] = (int)$q['isRequired'];
         $q['orderIndex'] = (int)$q['orderIndex'];
+        $q['retiredAt'] = (int)($q['retiredAt'] ?? 0);
+        $q['retiredInRevision'] = (int)($q['retiredInRevision'] ?? 0);
+        $q['retired'] = $q['retiredAt'] > 0;
         $cfg = qdb_parse_config_json($q['configJson']);
         $q['configJson'] = json_encode($cfg, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
         $q['questionKey'] = qdb_question_key($cfg, $q['defaultText']);
         $q['localId'] = qdb_question_local_id($q['questionID'], $qnID);
-        $ao = $pdo->prepare("
-            SELECT answerOptionID, questionID, defaultText, points, orderIndex, nextQuestionId
-            FROM answer_option WHERE questionID = :qid ORDER BY orderIndex
-        ");
+        $ao = $pdo->prepare(
+            "SELECT answerOptionID, questionID, defaultText, points, orderIndex, nextQuestionId, retiredAt
+             FROM answer_option WHERE questionID = :qid AND " . qdb_active_options_clause('answer_option') . '
+             ORDER BY orderIndex'
+        );
         $ao->execute([':qid' => $q['questionID']]);
         $q['answerOptions'] = $ao->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
         foreach ($q['answerOptions'] as &$opt) {
@@ -51,7 +63,10 @@ case 'GET':
     }
         unset($q);
         qdb_discard($tmpDb, $lockFp);
-        json_success(['questions' => $questions]);
+        json_success([
+            'questions'          => $questions,
+            'structureRevision'  => $structureRevision,
+        ]);
     } catch (Throwable $e) {
         qdb_handler_fail($e, 'Load questions', null, $tmpDb ?? null, $lockFp ?? null);
     }
@@ -119,8 +134,11 @@ case 'POST':
         if ($scoreRules !== [] || in_array($type, ['slider_question', 'value_spinner', 'glass_scale_question'], true)) {
             qdb_sync_question_score_rules($pdo, $id, $scoreRules);
         }
+        $newRev = qdb_bump_structure_revision($pdo, $qnID, 'question_added');
         qdb_save($tmpDb, $lockFp);
-        json_success(['question' => [
+        json_success([
+            'structureRevision' => $newRev,
+            'question' => [
             'questionID' => $id, 'questionnaireID' => $qnID, 'defaultText' => $text,
             'questionKey' => $questionKey, 'localId' => $localId,
             'type' => $type, 'orderIndex' => $order, 'isRequired' => $req,
@@ -129,7 +147,8 @@ case 'POST':
                 ? qdb_glass_symptoms_with_score_rules($pdo, $id, $config) : [],
             'scoreRules' => in_array($type, ['slider_question', 'value_spinner'], true)
                 ? qdb_get_score_rules_for_question($pdo, $id) : [],
-        ]]);
+            ],
+        ]);
     } catch (Throwable $e) {
         qdb_handler_fail($e, 'Questions', null, $tmpDb ?? null, $lockFp ?? null);
     }
@@ -175,6 +194,17 @@ case 'PUT':
             $body['noteAfter'] ?? ($cfgIn['noteAfter'] ?? null)
         );
         $configJson = json_encode($config, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
+        $oldKey = qdb_question_key($oldCfg, $row['defaultText']);
+        $oldSymptoms = json_encode($oldCfg['symptoms'] ?? [], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
+        $newSymptoms = json_encode($config['symptoms'] ?? [], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
+        $structuralChange = ($type !== (string)$row['type'])
+            || ($req !== (int)$row['isRequired'])
+            || ($questionKey !== $oldKey)
+            || ($newSymptoms !== $oldSymptoms);
+        if ((int)($row['retiredAt'] ?? 0) > 0) {
+            qdb_discard($tmpDb, $lockFp);
+            json_error('INVALID_FIELD', 'Cannot edit a retired question', 400);
+        }
         $pdo->prepare("UPDATE question SET defaultText = :t, type = :ty, orderIndex = :o, isRequired = :r, configJson = :cj WHERE questionID = :id")
             ->execute([':t' => $text, ':ty' => $type, ':o' => $order, ':r' => $req, ':cj' => $configJson, ':id' => $id]);
         qdb_upsert_source_translation($pdo, 'question', $id, $text);
@@ -186,8 +216,14 @@ case 'PUT':
         if ($scoreRules !== [] || in_array($type, ['slider_question', 'value_spinner', 'glass_scale_question'], true)) {
             qdb_sync_question_score_rules($pdo, $id, $scoreRules);
         }
+        $newRev = null;
+        if ($structuralChange) {
+            $newRev = qdb_bump_structure_revision($pdo, (string)$row['questionnaireID'], 'question_updated');
+        }
         qdb_save($tmpDb, $lockFp);
-        json_success(['question' => [
+        json_success([
+            'structureRevision' => $newRev ?? qdb_questionnaire_structure_revision($pdo, (string)$row['questionnaireID']),
+            'question' => [
             'questionID' => $id, 'questionnaireID' => $row['questionnaireID'],
             'defaultText' => $text, 'questionKey' => $questionKey,
             'type' => $type, 'orderIndex' => $order, 'isRequired' => $req,
@@ -196,7 +232,8 @@ case 'PUT':
                 ? qdb_glass_symptoms_with_score_rules($pdo, $id, $config) : [],
             'scoreRules' => in_array($type, ['slider_question', 'value_spinner'], true)
                 ? qdb_get_score_rules_for_question($pdo, $id) : [],
-        ]]);
+            ],
+        ]);
     } catch (Throwable $e) {
         qdb_handler_fail($e, 'Questions', null, $tmpDb ?? null, $lockFp ?? null);
     }
@@ -211,22 +248,53 @@ case 'DELETE':
     $id = $body['questionID'];
     [$pdo, $tmpDb, $lockFp] = qdb_open_write_or_fail();
     try {
-        $pdo->exec("PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF;");
+        $existing = $pdo->prepare('SELECT questionnaireID, retiredAt FROM question WHERE questionID = :id');
+        $existing->execute([':id' => $id]);
+        $row = $existing->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        if (!$row) {
+            qdb_discard($tmpDb, $lockFp);
+            json_error('NOT_FOUND', 'Question not found', 404);
+        }
+        $qnID = (string)$row['questionnaireID'];
+        if ((int)($row['retiredAt'] ?? 0) > 0) {
+            qdb_discard($tmpDb, $lockFp);
+            json_success(['deleted' => false, 'retired' => true, 'structureRevision' => qdb_questionnaire_structure_revision($pdo, $qnID)]);
+            break;
+        }
+
         $pdo->beginTransaction();
-        $aoIds = $pdo->prepare("SELECT answerOptionID FROM answer_option WHERE questionID = :id");
+        $newRev = qdb_bump_structure_revision($pdo, $qnID, 'question_removed');
+
+        if (qdb_question_has_client_data($pdo, $id)) {
+            qdb_retire_question($pdo, $id, $newRev);
+            $pdo->commit();
+            qdb_save($tmpDb, $lockFp);
+            json_success([
+                'deleted'           => false,
+                'retired'           => true,
+                'structureRevision' => $newRev,
+            ]);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        $pdo->exec('PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF;');
+        $aoIds = $pdo->prepare('SELECT answerOptionID FROM answer_option WHERE questionID = :id');
         $aoIds->execute([':id' => $id]);
         foreach ($aoIds->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN) as $aoid) {
-            $pdo->prepare("DELETE FROM answer_option_translation WHERE answerOptionID = :id")->execute([':id' => $aoid]);
+            $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM answer_option_translation WHERE answerOptionID = :id')->execute([':id' => $aoid]);
         }
-        $pdo->prepare("DELETE FROM answer_option WHERE questionID = :id")->execute([':id' => $id]);
-        $pdo->prepare("DELETE FROM question_score_rule WHERE questionID = :id")->execute([':id' => $id]);
-        $pdo->prepare("DELETE FROM question_translation WHERE questionID = :id")->execute([':id' => $id]);
-        $pdo->prepare("DELETE FROM client_answer WHERE questionID = :id")->execute([':id' => $id]);
-        $pdo->prepare("DELETE FROM question WHERE questionID = :id")->execute([':id' => $id]);
+        $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM answer_option WHERE questionID = :id')->execute([':id' => $id]);
+        $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM question_score_rule WHERE questionID = :id')->execute([':id' => $id]);
+        $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM question_translation WHERE questionID = :id')->execute([':id' => $id]);
+        $pdo->prepare('DELETE FROM question WHERE questionID = :id')->execute([':id' => $id]);
+        $pdo->exec('PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;');
         $pdo->commit();
-        $pdo->exec("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;");
         qdb_save($tmpDb, $lockFp);
-        json_success(['deleted' => true]);
+        json_success([
+            'deleted'           => true,
+            'retired'           => false,
+            'structureRevision' => $newRev,
+        ]);
     } catch (Throwable $e) {
         qdb_handler_fail($e, 'Delete question', $pdo ?? null, $tmpDb ?? null, $lockFp ?? null);
     }
diff --git a/lib/app_submit_validate.php b/lib/app_submit_validate.php
index 8a4b3e3..84d46d5 100644
--- a/lib/app_submit_validate.php
+++ b/lib/app_submit_validate.php
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
+require_once __DIR__ . '/questionnaire_structure.php';
+
 /**
  * Validate Android app questionnaire submit payloads before persisting answers.
  *
+ * @param array<string, mixed>|null $manifest Structure manifest for legacy revision submits
  * @return list<array{questionID: string, code: string, message: string}>
  */
 function qdb_validate_app_submit_payload(
@@ -12,7 +15,8 @@ function qdb_validate_app_submit_payload(
     array $shortIdMap,
     array $shortIdToType,
     array $symptomParentMap,
-    array $optionMap
+    array $optionMap,
+    ?array $manifest = null
 ): array {
     $errors = [];
 
@@ -124,8 +128,13 @@ function qdb_validate_app_submit_payload(
         }
     }
 
+    if ($manifest !== null) {
+        return array_merge($errors, qdb_validate_required_answers_from_manifest($manifest, $answeredShort));
+    }
+
     $qStmt = $pdo->prepare(
-        'SELECT questionID, type, isRequired, configJson FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :qn'
+        'SELECT questionID, type, isRequired, configJson FROM question
+         WHERE questionnaireID = :qn AND ' . qdb_active_questions_clause('question')
     );
     $qStmt->execute([':qn' => $qnID]);
     foreach ($qStmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) as $qRow) {
@@ -169,3 +178,44 @@ function qdb_validate_app_submit_payload(
 
     return $errors;
 }
+
+/**
+ * @return list<array{questionID: string, code: string, message: string}>
+ */
+function qdb_validate_required_answers_from_manifest(array $manifest, array $answeredShort): array {
+    $errors = [];
+    foreach ($manifest['questions'] ?? [] as $qEntry) {
+        if (!is_array($qEntry) || empty($qEntry['isRequired'])) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        $shortId = (string)($qEntry['shortId'] ?? '');
+        $type = (string)($qEntry['type'] ?? '');
+        if ($shortId === '') {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if ($type === 'glass_scale_question') {
+            foreach ($qEntry['symptoms'] ?? [] as $symptomKey) {
+                $sk = trim((string)$symptomKey);
+                if ($sk === '') {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (empty($answeredShort[$sk])) {
+                    $errors[] = [
+                        'questionID' => $sk,
+                        'code'       => 'MISSING_ANSWER',
+                        'message'    => 'Required symptom is not answered',
+                    ];
+                }
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (empty($answeredShort[$shortId])) {
+            $errors[] = [
+                'questionID' => $shortId,
+                'code'       => 'MISSING_ANSWER',
+                'message'    => 'Required question is not answered',
+            ];
+        }
+    }
+    return $errors;
+}
diff --git a/lib/questionnaire_structure.php b/lib/questionnaire_structure.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4e6e18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/questionnaire_structure.php
@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Questionnaire structure revisions: bump, snapshot manifests, retire questions.
+ */
+
+function qdb_active_questions_clause(string $alias = 'question'): string {
+    return "COALESCE($alias.retiredAt, 0) = 0";
+}
+
+function qdb_active_options_clause(string $alias = 'answer_option'): string {
+    return "COALESCE($alias.retiredAt, 0) = 0";
+}
+
+function qdb_questionnaire_structure_revision(PDO $pdo, string $qnID): int {
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare(
+        'SELECT COALESCE(structureRevision, 1) FROM questionnaire WHERE questionnaireID = :id'
+    );
+    $stmt->execute([':id' => $qnID]);
+    $rev = $stmt->fetchColumn();
+    return $rev !== false ? max(1, (int)$rev) : 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @return array<string, mixed>
+ */
+function qdb_build_structure_manifest(PDO $pdo, string $qnID, bool $includeRetired = false): array {
+    $where = 'questionnaireID = :qn';
+    if (!$includeRetired) {
+        $where .= ' AND ' . qdb_active_questions_clause('question');
+    }
+    $qStmt = $pdo->prepare(
+        "SELECT questionID, type, isRequired, configJson, defaultText, retiredAt
+         FROM question WHERE $where ORDER BY orderIndex"
+    );
+    $qStmt->execute([':qn' => $qnID]);
+    $questions = [];
+    foreach ($qStmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) as $qRow) {
+        $fullId = $qRow['questionID'];
+        $shortId = qdb_question_local_id($fullId, $qnID);
+        $config = json_decode($qRow['configJson'] ?? '{}', true) ?: [];
+        $qKey = qdb_question_key($config, $qRow['defaultText']);
+
+        $optWhere = 'questionID = :qid';
+        if (!$includeRetired) {
+            $optWhere .= ' AND ' . qdb_active_options_clause('answer_option');
+        }
+        $aoStmt = $pdo->prepare(
+            "SELECT defaultText, points FROM answer_option WHERE $optWhere ORDER BY orderIndex"
+        );
+        $aoStmt->execute([':qid' => $fullId]);
+        $options = [];
+        foreach ($aoStmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) as $ao) {
+            $options[] = [
+                'key'    => $ao['defaultText'],
+                'points' => (int)$ao['points'],
+            ];
+        }
+
+        $entry = [
+            'questionID' => $fullId,
+            'shortId'    => $shortId,
+            'questionKey'=> $qKey,
+            'type'       => $qRow['type'] ?? '',
+            'isRequired' => (int)($qRow['isRequired'] ?? 0) === 1,
+            'options'    => $options,
+        ];
+        if ($includeRetired && (int)($qRow['retiredAt'] ?? 0) > 0) {
+            $entry['retired'] = true;
+        }
+        if (($qRow['type'] ?? '') === 'glass_scale_question' && !empty($config['symptoms'])) {
+            $entry['symptoms'] = array_values(array_map('strval', (array)$config['symptoms']));
+        }
+        $questions[] = $entry;
+    }
+
+    return [
+        'questionnaireID'   => $qnID,
+        'structureRevision' => qdb_questionnaire_structure_revision($pdo, $qnID),
+        'questions'         => $questions,
+    ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @return array<string, mixed>|null
+ */
+function qdb_load_structure_manifest(PDO $pdo, string $qnID, int $revision): ?array {
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare(
+        'SELECT manifestJson FROM questionnaire_structure_snapshot
+         WHERE questionnaireID = :qn AND structureRevision = :rev'
+    );
+    $stmt->execute([':qn' => $qnID, ':rev' => $revision]);
+    $json = $stmt->fetchColumn();
+    if ($json === false || $json === '') {
+        return null;
+    }
+    $decoded = json_decode((string)$json, true);
+    return is_array($decoded) ? $decoded : null;
+}
+
+function qdb_save_structure_snapshot(PDO $pdo, string $qnID, int $revision, array $manifest): void {
+    $json = json_encode($manifest, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
+    if ($json === false) {
+        $json = '{}';
+    }
+    $pdo->prepare(
+        'INSERT INTO questionnaire_structure_snapshot (questionnaireID, structureRevision, createdAt, manifestJson)
+         VALUES (:qn, :rev, :ts, :mj)
+         ON CONFLICT(questionnaireID, structureRevision) DO UPDATE SET
+            manifestJson = excluded.manifestJson,
+            createdAt = excluded.createdAt'
+    )->execute([
+        ':qn'  => $qnID,
+        ':rev' => $revision,
+        ':ts'  => time(),
+        ':mj'  => $json,
+    ]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Backfill revision-1 snapshots for questionnaires missing any snapshot row.
+ */
+function qdb_backfill_structure_snapshots(PDO $pdo): bool {
+    $ids = $pdo->query('SELECT questionnaireID FROM questionnaire')->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);
+    $changed = false;
+    foreach ($ids as $qnID) {
+        $qnID = (string)$qnID;
+        $chk = $pdo->prepare(
+            'SELECT 1 FROM questionnaire_structure_snapshot
+             WHERE questionnaireID = :qn LIMIT 1'
+        );
+        $chk->execute([':qn' => $qnID]);
+        if ($chk->fetchColumn()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        $rev = qdb_questionnaire_structure_revision($pdo, $qnID);
+        $manifest = qdb_build_structure_manifest($pdo, $qnID, true);
+        $manifest['structureRevision'] = $rev;
+        qdb_save_structure_snapshot($pdo, $qnID, $rev, $manifest);
+        $changed = true;
+    }
+    return $changed;
+}
+
+function qdb_bump_structure_revision(PDO $pdo, string $qnID, string $reason = ''): int {
+    $current = qdb_questionnaire_structure_revision($pdo, $qnID);
+    $manifest = qdb_build_structure_manifest($pdo, $qnID, false);
+    $manifest['structureRevision'] = $current;
+    qdb_save_structure_snapshot($pdo, $qnID, $current, $manifest);
+
+    $newRev = $current + 1;
+    $pdo->prepare(
+        'UPDATE questionnaire SET structureRevision = :rev, structureChangedAt = :ts WHERE questionnaireID = :qn'
+    )->execute([':rev' => $newRev, ':ts' => time(), ':qn' => $qnID]);
+
+    return $newRev;
+}
+
+function qdb_questionnaire_id_for_question(PDO $pdo, string $questionID): ?string {
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT questionnaireID FROM question WHERE questionID = :qid');
+    $stmt->execute([':qid' => $questionID]);
+    $id = $stmt->fetchColumn();
+    return $id !== false ? (string)$id : null;
+}
+
+function qdb_option_has_client_data(PDO $pdo, string $answerOptionID): bool {
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT 1 FROM client_answer WHERE answerOptionID = :id LIMIT 1');
+    $stmt->execute([':id' => $answerOptionID]);
+    if ($stmt->fetchColumn()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    $chk = $pdo->query(
+        "SELECT 1 FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND name = 'client_answer_submission' LIMIT 1"
+    );
+    if (!$chk || !$chk->fetchColumn()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare(
+        'SELECT 1 FROM client_answer_submission WHERE answerOptionID = :id LIMIT 1'
+    );
+    $stmt->execute([':id' => $answerOptionID]);
+    return (bool)$stmt->fetchColumn();
+}
+
+function qdb_question_has_client_data(PDO $pdo, string $questionID): bool {
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT 1 FROM client_answer WHERE questionID = :qid LIMIT 1');
+    $stmt->execute([':qid' => $questionID]);
+    if ($stmt->fetchColumn()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    $chk = $pdo->query(
+        "SELECT 1 FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND name = 'client_answer_submission' LIMIT 1"
+    );
+    if (!$chk || !$chk->fetchColumn()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    $stmt = $pdo->prepare(
+        'SELECT 1 FROM client_answer_submission WHERE questionID = :qid LIMIT 1'
+    );
+    $stmt->execute([':qid' => $questionID]);
+    return (bool)$stmt->fetchColumn();
+}
+
+function qdb_retire_question(PDO $pdo, string $questionID, int $revision): void {
+    $pdo->prepare(
+        'UPDATE question SET retiredAt = :ts, retiredInRevision = :rev
+         WHERE questionID = :qid AND COALESCE(retiredAt, 0) = 0'
+    )->execute([':ts' => time(), ':rev' => $revision, ':qid' => $questionID]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build submit maps from a structure manifest (current or legacy).
+ *
+ * @return array{
+ *   shortIdMap: array<string, string>,
+ *   shortIdToType: array<string, string>,
+ *   optionMap: array<string, array<string, array{answerOptionID: string, points: int}>>,
+ *   symptomParentMap: array<string, string>,
+ *   freeTextMaxLen: array<string, int>,
+ *   manifestQuestionIds: list<string>
+ * }
+ */
+function qdb_submit_maps_from_manifest(PDO $pdo, string $qnID, array $manifest): array {
+    $shortIdMap = [];
+    $shortIdToType = [];
+    $optionMap = [];
+    $symptomParentMap = [];
+    $freeTextMaxLen = [];
+    $manifestQuestionIds = [];
+
+    foreach ($manifest['questions'] ?? [] as $qEntry) {
+        if (!is_array($qEntry)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        $fullId = (string)($qEntry['questionID'] ?? '');
+        $shortId = (string)($qEntry['shortId'] ?? '');
+        if ($fullId === '' || $shortId === '') {
+            continue;
+        }
+        $type = (string)($qEntry['type'] ?? '');
+        $shortIdMap[$shortId] = $fullId;
+        $shortIdToType[$shortId] = $type;
+        $manifestQuestionIds[] = $fullId;
+
+        if ($type === 'free_text') {
+            $cfgStmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT configJson FROM question WHERE questionID = :qid');
+            $cfgStmt->execute([':qid' => $fullId]);
+            $cfgJson = $cfgStmt->fetchColumn();
+            $cfg = json_decode($cfgJson ?: '{}', true) ?: [];
+            $freeTextMaxLen[$fullId] = max(1, min((int)($cfg['maxLength'] ?? 500), 10000));
+        }
+
+        $optionMap[$fullId] = [];
+        foreach ($qEntry['options'] ?? [] as $opt) {
+            if (!is_array($opt)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $key = (string)($opt['key'] ?? '');
+            if ($key === '') {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $aoStmt = $pdo->prepare(
+                'SELECT answerOptionID, points FROM answer_option
+                 WHERE questionID = :qid AND defaultText = :k LIMIT 1'
+            );
+            $aoStmt->execute([':qid' => $fullId, ':k' => $key]);
+            $aoRow = $aoStmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+            $optionMap[$fullId][$key] = [
+                'answerOptionID' => $aoRow ? (string)$aoRow['answerOptionID'] : '',
+                'points'         => $aoRow ? (int)$aoRow['points'] : (int)($opt['points'] ?? 0),
+            ];
+        }
+
+        if ($type === 'glass_scale_question') {
+            foreach ($qEntry['symptoms'] ?? [] as $symptomKey) {
+                $sk = trim((string)$symptomKey);
+                if ($sk !== '') {
+                    $symptomParentMap[$sk] = $fullId;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ($symptomParentMap === []) {
+        $symptomParentMap = qdb_glass_symptom_parent_map($pdo, $qnID);
+    }
+
+    return [
+        'shortIdMap'          => $shortIdMap,
+        'shortIdToType'       => $shortIdToType,
+        'optionMap'           => $optionMap,
+        'symptomParentMap'    => $symptomParentMap,
+        'freeTextMaxLen'      => $freeTextMaxLen,
+        'manifestQuestionIds' => $manifestQuestionIds,
+    ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build submit maps from active DB questions (current revision).
+ *
+ * @return array<string, mixed>
+ */
+function qdb_submit_maps_from_active_questions(PDO $pdo, string $qnID): array {
+    $manifest = qdb_build_structure_manifest($pdo, $qnID, false);
+    $manifest['structureRevision'] = qdb_questionnaire_structure_revision($pdo, $qnID);
+    return qdb_submit_maps_from_manifest($pdo, $qnID, $manifest);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @return list<array{field: string, header: string, questionID: string, type: string}>
+ */
+function qdb_result_columns_from_manifest(array $manifest): array {
+    $cols = [];
+    foreach ($manifest['questions'] ?? [] as $qEntry) {
+        if (!is_array($qEntry)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        $fullId = (string)($qEntry['questionID'] ?? '');
+        $shortId = (string)($qEntry['shortId'] ?? '');
+        $qKey = (string)($qEntry['questionKey'] ?? '');
+        $type = (string)($qEntry['type'] ?? '');
+        if ($fullId === '') {
+            continue;
+        }
+        $header = $qKey !== '' ? $qKey : ($shortId !== '' ? $shortId : $fullId);
+        $cols[] = [
+            'field'      => $header,
+            'header'     => $header,
+            'questionID' => $fullId,
+            'type'       => $type,
+        ];
+        if ($type === 'glass_scale_question') {
+            foreach ($qEntry['symptoms'] ?? [] as $symptomKey) {
+                $sk = trim((string)$symptomKey);
+                if ($sk === '') {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                $cols[] = [
+                    'field'      => $sk,
+                    'header'     => $sk,
+                    'questionID' => $fullId,
+                    'type'       => 'glass_symptom',
+                    'symptomKey' => $sk,
+                ];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return $cols;
+}
+
+function qdb_compute_questionnaire_score_from_manifest(
+    PDO $pdo,
+    string $clientCode,
+    array $manifest
+): int {
+    require_once __DIR__ . '/scoring.php';
+    $qnID = (string)($manifest['questionnaireID'] ?? '');
+    if ($qnID === '') {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    $questionIDs = [];
+    foreach ($manifest['questions'] ?? [] as $qEntry) {
+        if (is_array($qEntry) && !empty($qEntry['questionID'])) {
+            $questionIDs[] = (string)$qEntry['questionID'];
+        }
+    }
+    if ($questionIDs === []) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    $ph = implode(',', array_fill(0, count($questionIDs), '?'));
+    $aStmt = $pdo->prepare(
+        "SELECT ca.questionID, ca.answerOptionID, ca.freeTextValue, ca.numericValue,
+                ao.defaultText AS optionKey
+         FROM client_answer ca
+         LEFT JOIN answer_option ao ON ao.answerOptionID = ca.answerOptionID
+         WHERE ca.clientCode = ? AND ca.questionID IN ($ph)"
+    );
+    $aStmt->execute(array_merge([$clientCode], $questionIDs));
+    $answersByQuestion = [];
+    foreach ($aStmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) as $a) {
+        $answersByQuestion[$a['questionID']] = $a;
+    }
+
+    $total = 0;
+    foreach ($manifest['questions'] ?? [] as $qEntry) {
+        if (!is_array($qEntry)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        $fullId = (string)($qEntry['questionID'] ?? '');
+        $type = (string)($qEntry['type'] ?? '');
+        $optionPoints = [];
+        foreach ($qEntry['options'] ?? [] as $opt) {
+            if (is_array($opt) && isset($opt['key'])) {
+                $optionPoints[(string)$opt['key']] = (int)($opt['points'] ?? 0);
+            }
+        }
+        $qRow = [
+            'questionID' => $fullId,
+            'type'       => $type,
+            'configJson' => json_encode(
+                ['symptoms' => $qEntry['symptoms'] ?? []],
+                JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE
+            ),
+        ];
+        $total += qdb_score_points_for_question(
+            $pdo,
+            $qRow,
+            $answersByQuestion[$fullId] ?? null,
+            $optionPoints
+        );
+    }
+    return $total;
+}
diff --git a/lib/read_db_cache.php b/lib/read_db_cache.php
index 9732acb..09a1759 100644
--- a/lib/read_db_cache.php
+++ b/lib/read_db_cache.php
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ function qdb_read_db_open(): array {
     }
 
     [$pdo, $memfdPath, $memfdFd] = qdb_read_materialize_decrypted_db();
+    // Materialize may persist a migration (updates QDB_PATH mtime); refresh signature before caching.
+    $signature = qdb_read_cache_signature();
     qdb_read_cache_store($signature, $pdo, $memfdPath, $memfdFd);
     return [$pdo, QDB_READONLY_CACHE_HANDLE, null];
 }
diff --git a/lib/submissions.php b/lib/submissions.php
index 6f49cf4..79994dd 100644
--- a/lib/submissions.php
+++ b/lib/submissions.php
@@ -3,6 +3,110 @@
  * Questionnaire submission versioning (archive each coach upload).
  */
 
+require_once __DIR__ . '/questionnaire_structure.php';
+
+/**
+ * Build display columns from a stored structure manifest (historical submissions).
+ *
+ * @return array{questions: array, resultColumns: array, optionTextMap: array, stringLabelCache: array}
+ */
+function qdb_display_context_from_manifest(PDO $pdo, array $manifest): array {
+    $stringLabelCache = [];
+    $resultColumns = [];
+    $questions = [];
+    $optionTextMap = [];
+
+    foreach ($manifest['questions'] ?? [] as $qEntry) {
+        if (!is_array($qEntry)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        $fullId = (string)($qEntry['questionID'] ?? '');
+        if ($fullId === '') {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        $qStmt = $pdo->prepare(
+            'SELECT questionID, defaultText, type, orderIndex, configJson FROM question WHERE questionID = :id'
+        );
+        $qStmt->execute([':id' => $fullId]);
+        $qRow = $qStmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        if (!$qRow) {
+            $symptoms = $qEntry['symptoms'] ?? [];
+            $qRow = [
+                'questionID' => $fullId,
+                'defaultText' => (string)($qEntry['questionKey'] ?? $qEntry['shortId'] ?? $fullId),
+                'type' => (string)($qEntry['type'] ?? ''),
+                'orderIndex' => 0,
+                'configJson' => json_encode(
+                    ['symptoms' => is_array($symptoms) ? $symptoms : []],
+                    JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE
+                ),
+            ];
+        }
+        $questions[] = $qRow;
+
+        $cfg = json_decode($qRow['configJson'] ?? '{}', true) ?: [];
+        $type = $qRow['type'] ?? '';
+        if ($type === 'glass_scale_question') {
+            $symptoms = $cfg['symptoms'] ?? $qEntry['symptoms'] ?? [];
+            if (is_array($symptoms) && $symptoms !== []) {
+                foreach ($symptoms as $symptomKey) {
+                    $sk = trim((string)$symptomKey);
+                    if ($sk === '') {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    $resultColumns[] = [
+                        'header'     => qdb_string_german_label($pdo, $sk, $stringLabelCache),
+                        'questionID' => $fullId,
+                        'symptomKey' => $sk,
+                        'kind'       => 'glass_symptom',
+                        'question'   => $qRow,
+                    ];
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $resultColumns[] = [
+            'header'     => qdb_question_german_label($pdo, $qRow),
+            'questionID' => $fullId,
+            'symptomKey' => null,
+            'kind'       => 'question',
+            'question'   => $qRow,
+        ];
+
+        $aoStmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT answerOptionID, defaultText FROM answer_option WHERE questionID = :qid');
+        $aoStmt->execute([':qid' => $fullId]);
+        $dbOptions = $aoStmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        if ($dbOptions !== []) {
+            foreach ($dbOptions as $ao) {
+                $optionTextMap[$ao['answerOptionID']] = qdb_option_german_label(
+                    $pdo,
+                    $ao['answerOptionID'],
+                    $ao['defaultText']
+                );
+            }
+        } else {
+            foreach ($qEntry['options'] ?? [] as $opt) {
+                if (!is_array($opt)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                $key = (string)($opt['key'] ?? '');
+                if ($key !== '') {
+                    $optionTextMap[$key] = $key;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return [
+        'questions'        => $questions,
+        'resultColumns'    => $resultColumns,
+        'optionTextMap'    => $optionTextMap,
+        'stringLabelCache' => $stringLabelCache,
+    ];
+}
+
 function qdb_next_submission_version(PDO $pdo, string $clientCode, string $questionnaireID): int {
     $stmt = $pdo->prepare(
         'SELECT COALESCE(MAX(version), 0) + 1 FROM questionnaire_submission
@@ -24,11 +128,21 @@ function qdb_record_submission_after_submit(
     ?int $completedAt,
     int $sumPoints,
     string $assignedByCoach,
+    int $structureRevision = 1,
+    ?array $structureManifest = null,
+    ?array $questionIdsToCopy = null,
     ?int $submittedAt = null
 ): string {
     $version = qdb_next_submission_version($pdo, $clientCode, $questionnaireID);
     $submissionID = bin2hex(random_bytes(16));
     $submittedAtValue = $submittedAt ?? $completedAt ?? time();
+    $snapshotJson = '{}';
+    if ($structureManifest !== null) {
+        $encoded = json_encode($structureManifest, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
+        if ($encoded !== false) {
+            $snapshotJson = $encoded;
+        }
+    }
 
     $cq = $pdo->prepare(
         'SELECT status FROM completed_questionnaire WHERE clientCode = :cc AND questionnaireID = :qn'
@@ -40,11 +154,13 @@ function qdb_record_submission_after_submit(
         'INSERT INTO questionnaire_submission (
             submissionID, clientCode, questionnaireID, version, submittedAt,
             submittedByUserID, submittedByRole, assignedByCoach,
-            status, startedAt, completedAt, sumPoints
+            status, startedAt, completedAt, sumPoints,
+            structureRevision, structureSnapshotJson
         ) VALUES (
             :sid, :cc, :qn, :ver, :sat,
             :uid, :role, :abc,
-            :st, :sa, :ca, :sp
+            :st, :sa, :ca, :sp,
+            :srev, :snap
         )'
     )->execute([
         ':sid'  => $submissionID,
@@ -59,17 +175,31 @@ function qdb_record_submission_after_submit(
         ':sa'   => $startedAt,
         ':ca'   => $completedAt,
         ':sp'   => $sumPoints,
+        ':srev' => max(1, $structureRevision),
+        ':snap' => $snapshotJson,
     ]);
 
-    $copy = $pdo->prepare(
-        'INSERT INTO client_answer_submission (submissionID, questionID, answerOptionID, freeTextValue, numericValue, answeredAt)
-         SELECT :sid, questionID, answerOptionID, freeTextValue, numericValue, answeredAt
-         FROM client_answer
-         WHERE clientCode = :cc AND questionID IN (
-             SELECT questionID FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :qn
-         )'
-    );
-    $copy->execute([':sid' => $submissionID, ':cc' => $clientCode, ':qn' => $questionnaireID]);
+    if ($questionIdsToCopy !== null && $questionIdsToCopy !== []) {
+        $questionIdsToCopy = array_values(array_unique(array_filter($questionIdsToCopy, 'is_string')));
+        $ph = implode(',', array_fill(0, count($questionIdsToCopy), '?'));
+        $copy = $pdo->prepare(
+            "INSERT INTO client_answer_submission (submissionID, questionID, answerOptionID, freeTextValue, numericValue, answeredAt)
+             SELECT ?, questionID, answerOptionID, freeTextValue, numericValue, answeredAt
+             FROM client_answer
+             WHERE clientCode = ? AND questionID IN ($ph)"
+        );
+        $copy->execute(array_merge([$submissionID, $clientCode], $questionIdsToCopy));
+    } else {
+        $copy = $pdo->prepare(
+            'INSERT INTO client_answer_submission (submissionID, questionID, answerOptionID, freeTextValue, numericValue, answeredAt)
+             SELECT :sid, questionID, answerOptionID, freeTextValue, numericValue, answeredAt
+             FROM client_answer
+             WHERE clientCode = :cc AND questionID IN (
+                 SELECT questionID FROM question WHERE questionnaireID = :qn
+             )'
+        );
+        $copy->execute([':sid' => $submissionID, ':cc' => $clientCode, ':qn' => $questionnaireID]);
+    }
 
     return $submissionID;
 }
@@ -169,6 +299,7 @@ function qdb_export_all_versions_rows(
         SELECT qs.submissionID, qs.version, qs.submittedAt, qs.submittedByUserID, qs.submittedByRole,
                qs.completedAt AS submissionCompletedAt, qs.sumPoints AS submissionSumPoints,
                qs.startedAt AS submissionStartedAt, qs.status AS submissionStatus,
+               qs.structureRevision, qs.structureSnapshotJson,
                cl.clientCode, cl.coachID,
                co.username AS coachUsername,
                sv.username AS supervisorUsername
@@ -184,16 +315,7 @@ function qdb_export_all_versions_rows(
     $stmt->execute($params);
     $submissions = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
 
-    $questionIDs = array_column($questions, 'questionID');
-    $qPlaceholders = !empty($questionIDs)
-        ? implode(',', array_fill(0, count($questionIDs), '?'))
-        : "'__none__'";
-
-    $answerStmt = $pdo->prepare("
-        SELECT questionID, answerOptionID, freeTextValue, numericValue
-        FROM client_answer_submission
-        WHERE submissionID = ? AND questionID IN ($qPlaceholders)
-    ");
+    $defaultQuestionIDs = array_column($questions, 'questionID');
 
     $userMap = [];
     $userStmt = $pdo->query('SELECT userID, username FROM users');
@@ -203,32 +325,46 @@ function qdb_export_all_versions_rows(
 
     $rows = [];
     foreach ($submissions as $s) {
-        $row = [
-            'submissionID'   => $s['submissionID'],
-            'version'        => (string)(int)$s['version'],
-            'submittedAt'    => $s['submittedAt'] ? date('Y-m-d H:i', (int)$s['submittedAt']) : '',
-            'submittedByRole'=> $s['submittedByRole'] ?? '',
-            'submittedBy'    => $userMap[$s['submittedByUserID'] ?? ''] ?? ($s['submittedByUserID'] ?? ''),
-            'clientCode'     => $s['clientCode'],
-            'coach'          => $s['coachUsername'] ?? $s['coachID'],
-            'supervisor'     => $s['supervisorUsername'] ?? '',
-            'status'         => $s['submissionStatus'] ?? '',
-            'sumPoints'      => $s['submissionSumPoints'] ?? '',
-            'startedAt'      => $s['submissionStartedAt'] ? date('Y-m-d H:i', (int)$s['submissionStartedAt']) : '',
-            'completedAt'    => $s['submissionCompletedAt'] ? date('Y-m-d H:i', (int)$s['submissionCompletedAt']) : '',
-        ];
-
-        $bindParams = array_merge([$s['submissionID']], $questionIDs);
-        $answerStmt->execute($bindParams);
-        $answerMap = [];
-        foreach ($answerStmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) as $a) {
-            $answerMap[$a['questionID']] = $a;
+        $snap = json_decode($s['structureSnapshotJson'] ?? '{}', true) ?: [];
+        if (!empty($snap['questions'])) {
+            $snapCtx = qdb_display_context_from_manifest($pdo, $snap);
+            $submissionColumns = $snapCtx['resultColumns'];
+            $submissionOptionMap = $snapCtx['optionTextMap'];
+            $submissionQuestionIDs = array_column($snapCtx['questions'], 'questionID');
+        } else {
+            $submissionColumns = $resultColumns;
+            $submissionOptionMap = $optionTextMap;
+            $submissionQuestionIDs = $defaultQuestionIDs;
         }
 
-        foreach ($resultColumns as $col) {
+        $row = [
+            'submissionID'      => $s['submissionID'],
+            'version'           => (string)(int)$s['version'],
+            'structureRevision' => (string)max(1, (int)($s['structureRevision'] ?? 1)),
+            'submittedAt'       => $s['submittedAt'] ? date('Y-m-d H:i', (int)$s['submittedAt']) : '',
+            'submittedByRole'   => $s['submittedByRole'] ?? '',
+            'submittedBy'       => $userMap[$s['submittedByUserID'] ?? ''] ?? ($s['submittedByUserID'] ?? ''),
+            'clientCode'        => $s['clientCode'],
+            'coach'             => $s['coachUsername'] ?? $s['coachID'],
+            'supervisor'        => $s['supervisorUsername'] ?? '',
+            'status'            => $s['submissionStatus'] ?? '',
+            'sumPoints'         => $s['submissionSumPoints'] ?? '',
+            'startedAt'         => $s['submissionStartedAt'] ? date('Y-m-d H:i', (int)$s['submissionStartedAt']) : '',
+            'completedAt'       => $s['submissionCompletedAt'] ? date('Y-m-d H:i', (int)$s['submissionCompletedAt']) : '',
+        ];
+
+        $answerMap = qdb_load_client_answer_map(
+            $pdo,
+            $s['clientCode'],
+            $submissionQuestionIDs,
+            'client_answer_submission',
+            $s['submissionID']
+        );
+
+        foreach ($submissionColumns as $col) {
             $qid = $col['questionID'];
             $a = $answerMap[$qid] ?? null;
-            $row[$col['header']] = qdb_results_column_cell_value($col, $a, $optionTextMap);
+            $row[$col['header']] = qdb_results_column_cell_value($col, $a, $submissionOptionMap);
         }
         $rows[] = $row;
     }
@@ -671,7 +807,8 @@ function qdb_client_detail(PDO $pdo, array $tokenRec, string $clientCode): array
         );
 
         $subStmt = $pdo->prepare(
-            'SELECT submissionID, version, submittedAt, status, sumPoints, completedAt
+            'SELECT submissionID, version, submittedAt, status, sumPoints, completedAt,
+                    structureRevision, structureSnapshotJson
              FROM questionnaire_submission
              WHERE clientCode = :cc AND questionnaireID = :qn
              ORDER BY version DESC'
@@ -679,19 +816,33 @@ function qdb_client_detail(PDO $pdo, array $tokenRec, string $clientCode): array
         $subStmt->execute([':cc' => $clientCode, ':qn' => $qnID]);
         $submissions = [];
         foreach ($subStmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) as $s) {
+            $snap = json_decode($s['structureSnapshotJson'] ?? '{}', true) ?: [];
+            if (!empty($snap['questions'])) {
+                $snapCtx = qdb_display_context_from_manifest($pdo, $snap);
+                $versionColumns = $snapCtx['resultColumns'];
+                $versionOptionMap = $snapCtx['optionTextMap'];
+                $versionStringCache = $snapCtx['stringLabelCache'];
+                $versionQuestionIDs = array_column($snapCtx['questions'], 'questionID');
+            } else {
+                $versionColumns = $resultColumns;
+                $versionOptionMap = $optionTextMap;
+                $versionStringCache = $stringLabelCache;
+                $versionQuestionIDs = $questionIDs;
+            }
+
             $subMap = qdb_load_client_answer_map(
                 $pdo,
                 $clientCode,
-                $questionIDs,
+                $versionQuestionIDs,
                 'client_answer_submission',
                 $s['submissionID']
             );
             $versionAnswers = qdb_answers_display_rows(
                 $pdo,
-                $resultColumns,
+                $versionColumns,
                 $subMap,
-                $optionTextMap,
-                $stringLabelCache,
+                $versionOptionMap,
+                $versionStringCache,
                 $liveMap
             );
             $changedCount = count(array_filter(
@@ -699,14 +850,15 @@ function qdb_client_detail(PDO $pdo, array $tokenRec, string $clientCode): array
                 static fn($r) => !empty($r['changedFromLive'])
             ));
             $submissions[] = [
-                'submissionID' => $s['submissionID'],
-                'version'      => (int)$s['version'],
-                'submittedAt'  => $s['submittedAt'] ? date('Y-m-d H:i', (int)$s['submittedAt']) : '',
-                'status'       => $s['status'] ?? '',
-                'sumPoints'    => $s['sumPoints'] !== null ? (int)$s['sumPoints'] : null,
-                'completedAt'  => $s['completedAt'] ? date('Y-m-d H:i', (int)$s['completedAt']) : '',
-                'changedCount' => $changedCount,
-                'answers'      => $versionAnswers,
+                'submissionID'      => $s['submissionID'],
+                'version'           => (int)$s['version'],
+                'structureRevision' => max(1, (int)($s['structureRevision'] ?? 1)),
+                'submittedAt'       => $s['submittedAt'] ? date('Y-m-d H:i', (int)$s['submittedAt']) : '',
+                'status'            => $s['status'] ?? '',
+                'sumPoints'         => $s['sumPoints'] !== null ? (int)$s['sumPoints'] : null,
+                'completedAt'       => $s['completedAt'] ? date('Y-m-d H:i', (int)$s['completedAt']) : '',
+                'changedCount'      => $changedCount,
+                'answers'           => $versionAnswers,
             ];
         }
 
diff --git a/schema.sql b/schema.sql
index 5d082fa..859d397 100644
--- a/schema.sql
+++ b/schema.sql
@@ -45,24 +45,37 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS questionnaire_category (
 );
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS questionnaire (
-    questionnaireID TEXT    NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
-    name            TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-    version         TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-    state           TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-    orderIndex      INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-    showPoints      INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-    conditionJson   TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
-    categoryKey     TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT ''
+    questionnaireID    TEXT    NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    name               TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    version            TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    state              TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    orderIndex         INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    showPoints         INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    conditionJson      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+    categoryKey        TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    structureRevision  INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+    structureChangedAt INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS questionnaire_structure_snapshot (
+    questionnaireID   TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    structureRevision INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    createdAt         INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    manifestJson      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+    PRIMARY KEY (questionnaireID, structureRevision),
+    FOREIGN KEY(questionnaireID) REFERENCES questionnaire(questionnaireID) ON DELETE CASCADE
 );
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS question (
-    questionID      TEXT    NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
-    questionnaireID TEXT    NOT NULL,
-    defaultText     TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-    type            TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-    orderIndex      INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-    isRequired      INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-    configJson      TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+    questionID         TEXT    NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    questionnaireID    TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    defaultText        TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    type               TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    orderIndex         INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    isRequired         INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    configJson         TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+    retiredAt          INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    retiredInRevision  INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     FOREIGN KEY(questionnaireID) REFERENCES questionnaire(questionnaireID)
 );
 
@@ -73,6 +86,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS answer_option (
     points         INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     orderIndex     INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     nextQuestionId TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    retiredAt      INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     FOREIGN KEY(questionID) REFERENCES question(questionID)
 );
 
@@ -142,18 +156,20 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS session (
 );
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS questionnaire_submission (
-    submissionID      TEXT    NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
-    clientCode        TEXT    NOT NULL,
-    questionnaireID TEXT    NOT NULL,
-    version           INTEGER NOT NULL,
-    submittedAt       INTEGER NOT NULL,
-    submittedByUserID TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-    submittedByRole   TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-    assignedByCoach   TEXT,
-    status            TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-    startedAt         INTEGER,
-    completedAt       INTEGER,
-    sumPoints         INTEGER,
+    submissionID          TEXT    NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    clientCode            TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    questionnaireID       TEXT    NOT NULL,
+    version               INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    submittedAt           INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    submittedByUserID     TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    submittedByRole       TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    assignedByCoach       TEXT,
+    status                TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    startedAt             INTEGER,
+    completedAt           INTEGER,
+    sumPoints             INTEGER,
+    structureRevision     INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+    structureSnapshotJson TEXT    NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
     FOREIGN KEY(clientCode)        REFERENCES client(clientCode),
     FOREIGN KEY(questionnaireID)   REFERENCES questionnaire(questionnaireID),
     FOREIGN KEY(assignedByCoach)   REFERENCES coach(coachID),
diff --git a/tests/Integration/AppSubmitLegacyTest.php b/tests/Integration/AppSubmitLegacyTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f8eeca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Integration/AppSubmitLegacyTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Tests\Integration;
+
+use Tests\Support\DatabaseSeeder;
+use Tests\Support\QdbTestCase;
+
+final class AppSubmitLegacyTest extends QdbTestCase
+{
+    public function testLegacySubmitAcceptsRetiredQuestionAfterBump(): void
+    {
+        $login = $this->api()->loginMobileAndGetToken(
+            DatabaseSeeder::COACH_USERNAME,
+            DatabaseSeeder::PASSWORD
+        );
+        $f = $this->fixture();
+
+        $this->assertApiOk($this->submitQuestionnaireAs(
+            $login['token'],
+            $f->questionnaireId,
+            $f->clientCode,
+            [['questionID' => $f->questionShortId, 'answerOptionKey' => 'yes']],
+            null,
+            null,
+            1
+        ));
+
+        require_once dirname(__DIR__, 2) . '/lib/questionnaire_structure.php';
+        [$pdo, $tmpDb, $lockFp] = qdb_open(true);
+        $rev = qdb_bump_structure_revision($pdo, $f->questionnaireId, 'legacy_test_retire');
+        qdb_retire_question($pdo, $f->questionId, $rev);
+        $currentRev = qdb_questionnaire_structure_revision($pdo, $f->questionnaireId);
+        qdb_save($tmpDb, $lockFp);
+
+        $this->assertGreaterThan(1, $currentRev);
+
+        $res = $this->submitQuestionnaireAs(
+            $login['token'],
+            $f->questionnaireId,
+            $f->clientCode,
+            [['questionID' => $f->questionShortId, 'answerOptionKey' => 'yes']],
+            null,
+            null,
+            1
+        );
+        $this->assertApiOk($res);
+        $this->assertTrue($res['data']['submitted'] ?? false);
+        $this->assertTrue($res['data']['legacySubmit'] ?? false);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $res['data']['structureRevision'] ?? null);
+
+        [$pdo, $tmpDb, $lockFp] = qdb_open(false);
+        $sub = $pdo->prepare(
+            'SELECT structureRevision, structureSnapshotJson FROM questionnaire_submission
+             WHERE clientCode = :cc AND questionnaireID = :qn ORDER BY version DESC LIMIT 1'
+        );
+        $sub->execute([':cc' => $f->clientCode, ':qn' => $f->questionnaireId]);
+        $row = $sub->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $this->assertSame(1, (int)($row['structureRevision'] ?? 0));
+        $snap = json_decode($row['structureSnapshotJson'] ?? '{}', true) ?: [];
+        $this->assertNotEmpty($snap['questions'] ?? []);
+
+        $archived = $pdo->prepare(
+            'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM client_answer_submission cas
+             INNER JOIN questionnaire_submission qs ON qs.submissionID = cas.submissionID
+             WHERE qs.clientCode = :cc AND qs.questionnaireID = :qn AND cas.questionID = :qid'
+        );
+        $archived->execute([
+            ':cc' => $f->clientCode,
+            ':qn' => $f->questionnaireId,
+            ':qid' => $f->questionId,
+        ]);
+        $this->assertGreaterThan(0, (int)$archived->fetchColumn());
+
+        qdb_discard($tmpDb, $lockFp);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Support/QdbTestCase.php b/tests/Support/QdbTestCase.php
index 35b3088..dfb4629 100644
--- a/tests/Support/QdbTestCase.php
+++ b/tests/Support/QdbTestCase.php
@@ -137,18 +137,24 @@ abstract class QdbTestCase extends PHPUnitTestCase
         array $answers,
         ?int $startedAt = null,
         ?int $completedAt = null,
+        ?int $structureRevision = null,
     ): array {
         $now = time();
         $startedAt ??= $now - 60;
         $completedAt ??= $now;
 
-        return $this->api()->encryptedPost($token, 'app_questionnaires', [
+        $payload = [
             'questionnaireID' => $questionnaireId,
             'clientCode'      => $clientCode,
             'answers'         => $answers,
             'startedAt'       => $startedAt,
             'completedAt'     => $completedAt,
-        ]);
+        ];
+        if ($structureRevision !== null) {
+            $payload['structureRevision'] = $structureRevision;
+        }
+
+        return $this->api()->encryptedPost($token, 'app_questionnaires', $payload);
     }
 
     protected function submissionVersionCount(string $clientCode, string $questionnaireId): int
diff --git a/tests/Unit/AppSubmitValidateTest.php b/tests/Unit/AppSubmitValidateTest.php
index 7908164..3772bde 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/AppSubmitValidateTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/AppSubmitValidateTest.php
@@ -37,6 +37,28 @@ final class AppSubmitValidateTest extends QdbTestCase
         $this->assertSame('UNKNOWN_QUESTION', $errors[0]['code'] ?? '');
     }
 
+    public function testUnknownQuestionAllowedInLegacyManifest(): void
+    {
+        require_once dirname(__DIR__, 2) . '/lib/app_submit_validate.php';
+        require_once dirname(__DIR__, 2) . '/lib/questionnaire_structure.php';
+        [$pdo, $tmpDb, $lockFp] = qdb_open(false);
+        $f = $this->fixture();
+        $manifest = qdb_build_structure_manifest($pdo, $f->questionnaireId, true);
+        $maps = qdb_submit_maps_from_manifest($pdo, $f->questionnaireId, $manifest);
+        $errors = qdb_validate_app_submit_payload(
+            $pdo,
+            $f->questionnaireId,
+            [['questionID' => $f->questionShortId, 'answerOptionKey' => 'yes']],
+            $maps['shortIdMap'],
+            $maps['shortIdToType'],
+            $maps['symptomParentMap'],
+            $maps['optionMap'],
+            $manifest
+        );
+        qdb_discard($tmpDb, $lockFp);
+        $this->assertSame([], $errors);
+    }
+
     public function testValidSingleChoiceWithOptionKeyPasses(): void
     {
         require_once dirname(__DIR__, 2) . '/lib/app_submit_validate.php';
diff --git a/tests/Unit/QuestionnaireStructureTest.php b/tests/Unit/QuestionnaireStructureTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1096494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Unit/QuestionnaireStructureTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Tests\Unit;
+
+use Tests\Support\QdbTestCase;
+
+final class QuestionnaireStructureTest extends QdbTestCase
+{
+    public function testBumpIncrementsRevisionAndStoresSnapshot(): void
+    {
+        require_once dirname(__DIR__, 2) . '/lib/questionnaire_structure.php';
+        [$pdo, $tmpDb, $lockFp] = qdb_open(true);
+        $f = $this->fixture();
+
+        $before = qdb_questionnaire_structure_revision($pdo, $f->questionnaireId);
+        $newRev = qdb_bump_structure_revision($pdo, $f->questionnaireId, 'test_bump');
+        $after = qdb_questionnaire_structure_revision($pdo, $f->questionnaireId);
+
+        $this->assertSame($before + 1, $newRev);
+        $this->assertSame($newRev, $after);
+
+        $manifest = qdb_load_structure_manifest($pdo, $f->questionnaireId, $before);
+        $this->assertNotNull($manifest);
+        $this->assertNotEmpty($manifest['questions'] ?? []);
+        $this->assertSame($before, (int)($manifest['structureRevision'] ?? 0));
+
+        qdb_save($tmpDb, $lockFp);
+    }
+
+    public function testRetirePreservesClientAnswers(): void
+    {
+        require_once dirname(__DIR__, 2) . '/lib/questionnaire_structure.php';
+        $this->assertApiOk($this->submitFixtureQuestionnaire());
+
+        [$pdo, $tmpDb, $lockFp] = qdb_open(true);
+        $f = $this->fixture();
+
+        $this->assertTrue(qdb_question_has_client_data($pdo, $f->questionId));
+        $rev = qdb_bump_structure_revision($pdo, $f->questionnaireId, 'retire_test');
+        qdb_retire_question($pdo, $f->questionId, $rev);
+
+        $row = $pdo->prepare('SELECT retiredAt FROM question WHERE questionID = :id');
+        $row->execute([':id' => $f->questionId]);
+        $this->assertGreaterThan(0, (int)$row->fetchColumn());
+
+        $ans = $pdo->prepare(
+            'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM client_answer WHERE clientCode = :cc AND questionID = :qid'
+        );
+        $ans->execute([':cc' => $f->clientCode, ':qid' => $f->questionId]);
+        $this->assertSame(1, (int)$ans->fetchColumn());
+
+        qdb_save($tmpDb, $lockFp);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/website/css/style.css b/website/css/style.css
index 5d9f399..67ffb32 100644
--- a/website/css/style.css
+++ b/website/css/style.css
@@ -318,6 +318,18 @@ code {
 .badge-draft      { background: var(--badge-draft-bg); color: var(--badge-draft-fg); }
 .badge-active     { background: var(--badge-active-bg); color: var(--badge-active-fg); }
 .badge-archived   { background: var(--badge-archived-bg); color: var(--badge-archived-fg); }
+
+.retired-questions-panel summary {
+    cursor: pointer;
+    font-weight: 600;
+    margin-bottom: 8px;
+}
+.retired-question-item {
+    opacity: 0.85;
+}
+.retired-question-item .question-header {
+    cursor: default;
+}
 .badge-completed  { background: var(--badge-active-bg); color: var(--badge-active-fg); }
 .badge-in_progress { background: var(--badge-in-progress-bg); color: var(--badge-in-progress-fg); }
 .badge-pending    { background: var(--badge-pending-bg); color: var(--badge-pending-fg); }
diff --git a/website/js/pages/clients.js b/website/js/pages/clients.js
index e263b72..32887db 100644
--- a/website/js/pages/clients.js
+++ b/website/js/pages/clients.js
@@ -467,6 +467,7 @@ function clientQnBlockHTML(clientCode, q) {
                         data-qn="${esc(q.questionnaireID)}"
                         data-submission="${esc(s.submissionID)}">${vExpanded ? '▼' : '▶'}</button>
                     <strong>Version ${s.version}</strong>
+                    ${s.structureRevision ? `<span class="badge badge-q">struct rev ${s.structureRevision}</span>` : ''}
                     ${s.changedCount > 0
                         ? `<span class="badge badge-warn">${s.changedCount} diff vs live</span>`
                         : '<span class="client-qn-summary">Same as live</span>'}
diff --git a/website/js/pages/editor.js b/website/js/pages/editor.js
index 6687bdc..3a9b349 100644
--- a/website/js/pages/editor.js
+++ b/website/js/pages/editor.js
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ const GLASS_SCORE_LEVELS = [
 
 let questionnaire = null;
 let questions = [];
+let retiredQuestions = [];
 let isNew = false;
 let activeTab = 'questions';
 let allQuestionnaires = [];
@@ -86,14 +87,19 @@ export async function editorPage(params) {
         renderEditor();
     } else {
         try {
-            const quData = await apiGet(`questions.php?questionnaireID=${encodeURIComponent(params.id)}`);
+            const quData = await apiGet(
+                `questions.php?questionnaireID=${encodeURIComponent(params.id)}&includeRetired=1`
+            );
             questionnaire = allQuestionnaires.find(q => q.questionnaireID === params.id);
             if (!questionnaire) {
                 showToast('Questionnaire not found', 'error');
                 navigate('#/questionnaires');
                 return;
             }
-            questions = quData.questions || [];
+            questionnaire.structureRevision = quData.structureRevision ?? questionnaire.structureRevision ?? 1;
+            const allQs = quData.questions || [];
+            questions = allQs.filter(q => !q.retired);
+            retiredQuestions = allQs.filter(q => q.retired);
             document.getElementById('editorTitle').textContent = questionnaire.name;
             renderEditor();
         } catch (e) {
@@ -772,6 +778,11 @@ function renderEditor() {
                     <label>Version</label>
                     <input type="text" id="metaVersion" value="${esc(questionnaire.version)}" ${editable ? '' : 'disabled'}>
                 </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label>Structure revision</label>
+                    <input type="text" value="${esc(String(questionnaire.structureRevision ?? 1))}" disabled
+                        title="Auto-incremented when questions or options change structurally">
+                </div>
                 <div class="form-group">
                     <label>State</label>
                     <select id="metaState" ${editable ? '' : 'disabled'}>
@@ -809,6 +820,13 @@ function renderEditor() {
                 </div>
                 <div id="addQuestionFormWrapper" style="display:none"></div>
                 <ul class="question-list" id="questionList"></ul>
+                <div id="retiredQuestionsSection" style="display:none;margin-top:20px">
+                    <details class="retired-questions-panel">
+                        <summary>Retired questions (<span id="retiredCount">0</span>)</summary>
+                        <p class="field-hint">Retired questions stay in upload history; counselors on older forms can still submit.</p>
+                        <ul class="question-list retired-question-list" id="retiredQuestionList"></ul>
+                    </details>
+                </div>
             </div>
         </div>
         <div id="tabContent-translations" style="display:none">
@@ -830,6 +848,7 @@ function renderEditor() {
     if (!isNew) {
         initTabs();
         renderQuestions();
+        renderRetiredQuestions();
         if (editable) {
             document.getElementById('addQuestionBtn').addEventListener('click', showAddQuestionForm);
             initDragReorder();
@@ -837,6 +856,21 @@ function renderEditor() {
     }
 }
 
+function applyStructureRevision(rev) {
+    if (rev == null) return;
+    questionnaire.structureRevision = rev;
+    const input = document.querySelector('.meta-form input[disabled][title*="Auto-incremented"]');
+    if (input) input.value = String(rev);
+}
+
+function notifyStructureBump(data) {
+    const rev = data?.structureRevision;
+    if (rev != null) {
+        applyStructureRevision(rev);
+        showToast(`Structure revision bumped to ${rev}.`, 'info');
+    }
+}
+
 function initTabs() {
     const tabBar = document.getElementById('editorTabs');
     if (!tabBar) return;
@@ -1181,6 +1215,7 @@ function showAddQuestionForm() {
 
             questions.push(newQ);
             renderQuestions();
+            notifyStructureBump(qData);
             showToast('Question added', 'success');
 
             document.getElementById('aq_text').value = '';
@@ -1211,6 +1246,30 @@ function hideAddQuestionForm() {
 
 // ── Questions list ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+function renderRetiredQuestions() {
+    const section = document.getElementById('retiredQuestionsSection');
+    const list = document.getElementById('retiredQuestionList');
+    const countEl = document.getElementById('retiredCount');
+    if (!section || !list) return;
+    if (!retiredQuestions.length) {
+        section.style.display = 'none';
+        list.innerHTML = '';
+        if (countEl) countEl.textContent = '0';
+        return;
+    }
+    section.style.display = '';
+    if (countEl) countEl.textContent = String(retiredQuestions.length);
+    list.innerHTML = retiredQuestions.map((q, idx) => `
+        <li class="question-item retired-question-item">
+            <div class="question-header">
+                <span class="q-text">${idx + 1}. <code>${esc(questionKeyOf(q) || '?')}</code> · ${esc((q.defaultText || '').slice(0, 48))}</span>
+                <span class="badge badge-archived">Retired</span>
+                ${q.retiredInRevision ? `<span class="badge">rev ${q.retiredInRevision}</span>` : ''}
+            </div>
+        </li>
+    `).join('');
+}
+
 function renderQuestions() {
     const list = document.getElementById('questionList');
     if (!list) return;
@@ -1219,6 +1278,7 @@ function renderQuestions() {
     // update tab label
     const tabBtn = document.querySelector('#editorTabs button[data-tab="questions"]');
     if (tabBtn) tabBtn.textContent = `Questions (${questions.length})`;
+    renderRetiredQuestions();
 
     if (!questions.length) {
         list.innerHTML = `<li class="empty-state" style="padding:30px"><h3>No questions yet</h3><p>Add your first question above.</p></li>`;
@@ -1603,12 +1663,23 @@ async function updateQuestion(questionID, fields) {
 }
 
 async function deleteQuestion(q) {
-    if (!confirm(`Delete "${q.defaultText}" and all its answers?`)) return;
+    if (q.retired) {
+        showToast('This question is already retired', 'error');
+        return;
+    }
+    const msg = 'Remove this question? If client data exists it will be retired (not deleted) so upload history stays intact.';
+    if (!confirm(msg)) return;
     try {
-        await apiDelete('questions.php', { questionID: q.questionID });
+        const data = await apiDelete('questions.php', { questionID: q.questionID });
         questions = questions.filter(x => x.questionID !== q.questionID);
+        if (data.retired) {
+            retiredQuestions.push({ ...q, retired: true, retiredAt: Date.now() / 1000 | 0 });
+            showToast('Question retired', 'success');
+        } else {
+            showToast('Question deleted', 'success');
+        }
+        notifyStructureBump(data);
         renderQuestions();
-        showToast('Question deleted', 'success');
     } catch (e) {
         showToast(e.message, 'error');
     }
@@ -1631,12 +1702,15 @@ async function updateOption(q, answerOptionID, fields) {
 }
 
 async function deleteOption(q, answerOptionID) {
-    if (!confirm('Delete this answer option?')) return;
+    if (!confirm('Remove this answer option?')) return;
     try {
-        await apiDelete('answer_options.php', { answerOptionID });
-        q.answerOptions = (q.answerOptions || []).filter(o => o.answerOptionID !== answerOptionID);
+        const data = await apiDelete('answer_options.php', { answerOptionID });
+        if (!data.retired) {
+            q.answerOptions = (q.answerOptions || []).filter(o => o.answerOptionID !== answerOptionID);
+        }
         renderQuestionBody(q);
-        showToast('Option deleted', 'success');
+        notifyStructureBump(data);
+        showToast(data.retired ? 'Option retired' : 'Option deleted', 'success');
     } catch (e) {
         showToast(e.message, 'error');
     }